There are some essential aspects of the Seven Noahide Commandments that carry liability to capital punishment if they are transgressed, as a Divine decree. “Their warning is considered their liability to death,” meaning that as soon as an adult becomes aware that one of these particular actions is prohibited, from that point on, if he willfully transgresses it, he will become liable to death in the judgment of God. (Therefore it will be explained later, in the section for each Noahide commandment, which exact actions make one liable to death.) There are also many prohibitions in the Noahide Code which are not explicitly warned about, and one is not liable to death for transgressing them, as will be explained. Both men and women are equally obligated to keep these commandments, and receive punishment from a Torah-based court if they are convicted of transgressing them. A person not liable to death unless he willfully commits one of the actions that is a capital sin. However, if he errs without intention to transgress, then he is not liable (for example, a man who enters a dark room and has relations with his neighbor’s wife, thinking that she is his wife or an unmarried woman, or one who eats a limb that was severed from a living animal, while mistakenly thinking that the animal had been killed). However, if he errs in judging his known action as permissible, this is not considered as erring without intention. Rather, it is close to being a willful sin and he is liable, since he should have learned the major stringencies of the Seven Noahide Commandments and failed to do so (for example, one who knows that he is having relations with his neighbor’s wife but thinks that she is permitted to him, and he does not know the prohibition against adultery, or one who knowingly eats meat that was severed from a living animal, but he does not know that it is forbidden). Likewise, if he erred because he did not check well enough to know if his action would make him liable or not, this is not considered erring without intention. Rather it is close to a willful sin, since he should have checked and he did not. (For example, one who knows the prohibition against adultery, but he had relations for the sake of marriage without knowing that the woman was already married to another man. He should have checked carefully to find out if she was married or single, before having marital relations with her.) It appears that if a person errs in judging his known action as permissible, he is only liable for the transgression if he should have learned that it was forbidden, as would be the case if his community as a whole knows the Seven Noahide Commandments. But in areas or times in which a community does not know some of these commandments at all, one cannot say that he should have learned them, for it was not possible, and therefore he is not liable for them. Rather, a person should first be taught and warned about the Noahide Code, and only afterwards is he responsible for his actions, in regard to the prohibitions against serving idols, forbidden relations, and eating meat that was severed from a living animal. However, for the prohibitions against murder and stealing, and for the commandment to establish courts of justice, which are all logically binding, there is no exemption for not knowing that these are forbidden. It also appears that there is no “erring” in regard to blasphemy. Once one knows that there is a God, and he knows His Name, it is logically clear that it is forbidden to curse God. (But if one does not know about God at all, or does not understand what he is saying – in Hebrew or other languages – his curse is not regarded as blasphemy).